Chapter-
03
Class-
07(Science)
FIBRE
TO FABRIC
Fibre:- Long, fine, continuous threads
or filaments are obtained from plants and animals.
Types
of fibres:- (1) Animal
fibres
(2) Plant fibres
ANIMAL FIBRES:- These are obtained from animal
source.
Ex. Silk and wool
Wool:- It comes from sheep, goat, yak
and other animals. These wool yielding animals bear hair on their body.
>> Hair keeps these animal warm.
>> Wool is derived from these hairy fibres.
The hairy skin of the sheep has two types of
fibres that from its fleece.
(1) The coarse beard hair.
(2) The fine soft under hair
close to the skin.
The
fine hair provide the fibres for making wool.
Animals that yield wool:- Several breads of sheep are found
in different parts of our country.
*Wool is common in Tibet and ladakh.
*Mohair is obtained from angora goats.
*Wool is also obtained from goat hair. The under fur of kashmiri goat is
soft. It is woven into fine shawls called Pashmina shawls.
*The fur (hair) on the body of camels is also used as wool.
Ex. Lama and alpaca.
From fibres to wool:- For obtaining wool, sheep are
reared. Their hair is cut and processed into wool.
Rearing and breeding of
sheep:- Sheep are
required in many parts of our country for wool. So many breeds of sheep
required in our country for wool.
Once the reared sheep have developed a
thick growth on hair, hair is shaved off for getting wool.
Processing fibres into
wool :- The wool
which is used for knitting sweaters or for weaving shawls is the finished
product of a long process.
Some
Indian breeds of sheep
|
Name of breed
|
Quality of wool
|
State where found
|
|
Lohi
|
Good quality
|
Rajasthan, Punjab
|
|
Rampur bushair
|
Brown fleece
|
Uttar Pradesh, Himachal pradesh
|
|
Nali
|
Carpet wool
|
Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana
|
|
Bakharwal
|
For woolen shawls
|
Jammu and Kashmir
|
|
Marwari
|
Coarse wool
|
Gujarat
|
|
Patanwari
|
For hosiery
|
Gujarat
|
Shearing:- The fleece of the sheep along
with a thin layer of skin is removed from its body. This process is called
shearing.
Scouring:- The sheared skin with hair is throughly
washed in tanks to remove grease, dust and dirt. This is called scouring.
Sorting:- After scouring, sorting is done.
The hairy skin is sent to a factory where hair of different texture are
separated or sorted.
>> The small fluffy fibres called burrs, are picked
out from the hair. The fibres are scoured again and dried. This is the wool
ready to be drawn into fibres.
>> The fibres can be dyed in various colours, as the
natural fleece of sheep and goats is black, brown and white.
>> The fibres are straightened, combed and rolled into
yarn.
(1)SHEARING→ (2)SCOURING → (3)SORTING→(4)CLEANING OF BURRS →(5)DYEING→(6)ROLLING
Silk:- It is animal fibres come from
silk worms.
Sericulture:- The rearing of silkworms for obtaining silk is
called sericulture.
Life history of silk moth:- The female silk moth lays eggs from which hatch larve are called
caterpillars or silkworms.
When
the caterpillar or silkworm is ready to enter the next stage of its life
history called pupa, it first weaves a net to hold its self.
The caterpillar secret fibre made of a
protein which hardness on exposure to air and becomes silk fibre. Soon the
caterpillar completely covers its self by silk fibres and turns into pupa. This
covering is known as Cocoon.
The silk yarn (thread) is obtained from the cocoon of the silk moth.
There is a variety of silk moths which
look very different from one another and the silk yarn they yield is different
in texture. Thus tassar silk, mooga silk, Kosa silk etc are obtained from
cocoons spun by different types of moths. The most common silk moth is the
mulberry silk moth.
From cocoon to silk:- For
obtaining silk. moths are reared and their cocoon are collected to get silk
threads.
Rearing silkworms:- Silkworms are reared at appropriate temperature and
humidity to get threads from cocoons.
Processing of silk:- A pile of cocoons is used for obtaining silk
fibres. The cocoon are kept under the sun or boiled or exposed to steam. The
silk fibres separated out.
Reeling of silk:- The process of taking out threads or fibres
from the cocoon for use as silk is called reeling is done in special machines.
Which unwind the threads of silk from the cocoon. Silk fibres are then spun
into silk threads, which are weaven into silk cloth by weaver
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