Class 06 (Science) Chapter 03 FIBRE TO FABRIC

 

CHAPTER – 03

Class- 06 (Science)

FIBRE TO FABRIC

  The thin strands of thread made of still thinner strand called fibres.

     Fabrics are made up of yarns and yarns are further made up of fibres.

Fibres are two types – 

(a) Natural fibres                                          

  (b) Synthetic fibres

 

NATURAL FIBRES :- The fibres which are obtained from plants and animals are called natural fibres.

 

There are two source of natural fibre-

1* Plant source

2* Animal source

 

1* Plant source :- cotton and jute fibres obtain from plant.

2* Animal source:- Wool and silk fibres obtain from animal.

 

>> wool is obtained from the fleece of sheep or goat. It also obtained from the hair of rabbits, yak and camels.

>> Silk fibres is drawn from the cocoon of silkwarm.

 

SYNTHETIC FIBRES:- Man made fibres which are not obtained from plants and animal sources, called synthetic fibres.

Ex. Rayan, nylon, polyester and acrylic

Some plant fibres:-

(1)> Cotton:- Cotton plants are usually  grown in black soil and warm climate.

* The fruits of the cotton plant are about lemon size.

* After maturing, the balls burst open and the seeds covered with cotton fibres.

* Cotton is usually picked by hand, fibres are then separated from the seed by combing. This process is called ginning of cotton.

* Ginning was traditionally done by hand. These days machines are also used for ginning.

<*> Ginning:- The process in which seeds from cotton are pulled out by steel combs is called ginning.

 Charkha:- Charkha is a machine on which yarn was spun directly from ginned cotton in olden days.

Bales:- Ginned cotton is compressed tightly into bundles weighing approximately 200kg called bales.

Silver:- Raw cotton from bales is cleaned, combed and straightened and finally converted into rope like strands called silver. A silver of cotton is a loose strand or rope of cotton fibres.

Uses of cotton:> It is used

**In manufacturing of textiles.

**As an absorbent in hospital.

**As fillers in mattresses, pillows and quits.

**As a main raw material for the manufacturing of rayon and paper industry.

 

(2)> Jute:- Jute fibre is obtained from the stem of the jute plant. It is cultivated during the rainy season.

* The jute plant is normally harvested when it is at flowering stage.

* The stem of the harvested plants are immersed in water for a few days.

* The stem rot and fibres are separated by hand.

* To make fabrics, all these fibres are first converted into yarn.

Uses of jute:-

**Jute is extensively used for making gunny bags, potato sacks, carpets, curtains, coarse clothes, ropes etc.

 **These days, fine quality of jute is also used for making jute fabrics. Primitive men and women had no idea about clothes.

 

Spinning cotton yarn:- The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning.

 

>> In this process, fibres from a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted. This brings the fibres together to form yarn.

>> Device used for spinning is a hand spindle or takli and charkha.

 

Yarn to fabric:- Fabrics are made from yarn. The two main process are. (1) Weaving

                                                   (2) Knitting

 

(1) Weaving:- The process of arranging two sets of yarns arranged together to make a fabric is called weaving.

 

* The yarns are much thinner than our paper strips.

* Weaving of fabric is done on looms.

* The looms either hand operated or power operated.

 

(2) Knitting:- In knitting a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric. It is done by hand and also on machines.

* Weaving and kitting are used for making different kinds of fabrics.

* These fabrics are used for a variety of clothing items.

 

History of clothing material:-    In ancient time people used the bark and big leaves of trees or animal skins and furs to cover themselves.

      After people began to settle in agricultural communities, they learnt to weave twigs and grass into mats and baskets. animal fleece or hair were twisted together into long strands.

    These were woven into fabrics.

         May different ways of draping fabrics were used with the invention of sewing needle, people started stitching fabrics to make clothes.

 

 Cooton Rolls –^Ginning--> Fibre –^Spining--> Yarn  --^{Knitting and weaving}-->Fabric              

Cotton wool:- Cotton wool is obtained from cotton plant. It is made up of thin cotton fibres.

 

Fabric:- Woven material is called fabric.

 

Fibre:- Thread like animal or plant tissue is called a fibre.

 

Knitting:- Knitting is a process of making a piece of fabric from a single yarn.

 

Spinning:- The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning.

 

Weaving:- The process of arranging two sets of yarn together to make a fabric is called weaving.

 

Yarn:- Spun fibres are called yarn.