Chapter 2nd Components of food class 06 (science)

 

                    SCIENCE CLASS 06

                        CHAPTER 02

               COMPONENTS OF FOOD

 

FOOD:- It is the group of edible substances which provide energy to the living beings and repair the old tissue and build the new tissues.

 

NUTRITION :- The process of consuming nutrients required for the growth and development of our body and to obtain energy is known as nutrition.

NUTRIENTS:- Ingredients which contain some components that are needed by our body. These component are called nutrients.

    Major nutrients of our body are:

a* Carbohydrate

b* Protein

c* Fat

d* Vitamins

e* Minerals

 

#- Food contain dietary fibres and water which are also needed by our body,

(1) CARBOHYDRATE :- These are energy giving compounds. They may be simple carbohydrate and complex. The main carbohydrates found in our body are in the form of starch and sugar.

Test for starch :- Small amount of food  + 2-3 drops of iodine solution à change the colour of food (Blue Black) indicate, it contain starch.

(2) PROTEIN:-These are body building foods. They help in the growth of body.

 

Test for protein:- Take small quantity of food in test tube + 10 drops of water, shake it + 2 drops of copper sulphate + 10 drops of caustic soda, shake well, stir for a few minutes if violet colour appear in test tube it indicate the presence of protein in the food.

(3) FAT:- These are very high energy giving compounds. They produce greater amount of energy than carbohydrates.

Test for fat:- Small quantity of food wrap in a piece of paper and crush it, straighten the paper and hold against light An oily patch on paper show that the food item contain fat.

(4) VITAMINS:- These are organic substance that protect the body from disease. It also help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy.

Types of vitamins –

a* Water soluble vitamins

b* Fat soluble vitamins

 

a* Water soluble vitamins:- Vitamins which are soluble in water are called water soluble vitamins.

Ex. Vitamin B complex, Vitamin C

 

b* Fat soluble vitamins:- Vitamins which are soluble in fat are called fat soluble vitamins.

Ex. Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K

 

Vitamin A-> It keeps our eyes and skin healthy.

Source of vitamin A = Papaya, Carrot, Mango, Milk, fish oil etc.

Vitamin B-> It helps to keeps our muscles.

Source of vitamin B = Rice, Wheat, Liver etc.

 

Vitamin C-> It helps body to fight against many disease like scurvy.

Source of vitamin C = Orange, Guava, Green chilli, Tomato, Lemon, Amla etc

 

Vitamin D-> It helps our body to consume  calcium for bones and teeth.

Source of vitamin D = Milk, Fish, Butter, Liver, Egg etc.

 

 

(5) MINERALS:- These are elements required by the body in small amounts. It is essential for growth and development of bones, teeth and red blood cells.

Ex. Iodine(I), Iron(Fe), Calcium(Ca) etc.

Source of Iodine:  *Ginger

                                  *Salt

                                  *Fish

                                  *Spinach etc

 

Source of Iron :   *Apple

                                *Guava

                                *Liver

                                *Spinach etc

 

Source of Phosphorus :  *Milk

                                             *Banana

                                             *Chilli

                                             *Rice

                                             *Wheat etc

 

Source of Calcium :   *Milk

                                       *Egg etc

 

 

DIETARY FIBRES :- It is also known as roughage, it mainly provided by plant products in our foods.

      Whole grains, pulses, potatoes, Fresh fruits and vegetables are main source of roughage.

 

** Roughage does not provide any nutrient to our body, but it is an essential component of our food and adds to its bulk.

 

** It helps our body to get rid of undigested food.

 

WATER:- It helps our body to absorb nutrients from food. It also help in throwing out some wastes from body as urine and sweat.

 

# We get most of the water that our body needs from the liquids we drink such as water milk and tea.

 

BALANCE DIET:- It provide all the nutrients that our body needs, in right quantities, along with adequate amount of roughage and water.

 

** Eating the right kind of food is not enough. It should also be cooked properly. So that its nutrients are not lost.

 

** If the vegetables and fruits are washed after cutting, it may loss some vitamins.

 

** Vitamin C gets easily destroyed by heat during cooking.

 

OBESITY:-  It is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to an extent that, it may have a negative effect of health.

 

DEFICIENCY DISEASE :- These are the disease cause due to the lack of required nutrients for a long period in the diet.

  

Some nutrients deficiency disease are—

#1 Kwashiorkar => (Due to lack of protein) stunted growth, thinning of legs, protruding belly.

 

#2 Marasmus => (Due to lack of protein and carbohydrate) Complete or partial arrest of growth, lack of energy.

 

** All deficiency disease can be prevented by balance diet.

 

Some disease/ disorder caused by deficiency of vitamins and minerals

Vitamins/ Minerals	Deficiency disease/ disorder	Symptoms
Vitamin A	Loss of vision	Poor vision, loss of vision in darkness (night), some time complete loss of vision
Vitamin B1	Beriberi	Weak muscles and very little energy to work
Vitamin C	Scurvy	Bleeding gums, long healing time of wound
Vitamin D	Rickets	Bones become soft and bent
Calcium	Bone and tooth	Weak bones, tooth decay
Iodine	Goiter	Glands in the neck appear swollen, mental disability in children
Iron	Anemia	Weakness